Lydia Eloise Hall, a nurse theorist known for her pioneering work in holistic nursing, developed the Care, Cure, Core Model to emphasize the importance of treating the whole patient—physically, emotionally, and socially.
Hall’s model bridges the gap between the biological and emotional aspects of care, ensuring that nurses address not only the illness but also the personal values and needs of patients.
Learn more about Lydia Hall’s life and contributions here.
The Care, Cure, Core model revolves around the interrelationship of three primary components—care, cure, and core—which together provide a comprehensive approach to patient care.
Each component plays a vital role in nursing practice, from the technical aspects of treating illness (cure) to fostering emotional connections and promoting a patient’s self-worth (care), all while respecting the patient’s core values, beliefs, and life goals.
This article explores how Lydia Hall’s model can be applied in clinical settings to improve patient care and outcomes.
What You’ve Learned – Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model
- The Three Components of the Model: Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model emphasizes the holistic treatment of patients, incorporating care (emotional and physical support), cure (medical interventions), and core (the patient’s personal values and self-concept).
- Balancing the Components: Nurses must balance all three components to provide comprehensive care. Addressing just the cure, without attending to the care and core, can lead to a fragmented approach.
- Holistic Approach to Nursing: Hall’s model stresses the importance of treating the patient as a whole person, integrating not only their physical health but also their psychological, emotional, and social needs.
- Practical Application in Various Settings: The model is versatile, applying to a wide range of clinical settings, from acute care hospitals to home-based care, ensuring that patient-centered care remains a priority across the continuum of care.
- Challenges and Benefits: While the model promotes a balanced and holistic approach, it also comes with challenges such as time constraints and balancing emotional and physical demands.
Core Concepts of Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model
Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model focuses on three interconnected components: care, cure, and core.
Each of these components plays an essential role in providing comprehensive, holistic nursing care.
Hall believed that to achieve the best possible outcomes for patients, nurses must attend to all three dimensions, ensuring that the patient is treated as a whole person rather than just a set of symptoms or a disease.
The Three Components: Care, Cure, and Core
I) Care:
Care refers to the relational aspect of nursing care.
It involves establishing a personal connection with the patient, addressing their emotional and psychological needs, and offering support during the healing process.
This dimension acknowledges the importance of compassion and empathy in building trust and promoting healing.
Example: A nurse may spend time listening to a patient’s concerns, offering reassurance and emotional support as they navigate the challenges of their illness.
II) Cure:
Cure represents the medical or technical interventions used to treat the patient’s condition.
This dimension involves implementing evidence-based practices, following protocols, and providing medical treatments to address the physical symptoms of disease or injury.
Example: A nurse administering pain medication, following the doctor’s orders, and monitoring the patient’s response to the treatment.
III) Core:
Core reflects the patient’s self-concept, values, beliefs, and personal identity.
This component emphasizes the importance of understanding the patient’s life goals, cultural background, and personal experiences in providing care that is truly individualized.
Nurses who recognize and honor the core aspect of their patients ensure that care is not only effective but also meaningful to the individual.
Example: A nurse working with a terminally ill patient might discuss their wishes for end-of-life care, respecting their values and preferences for comfort.
The Interrelationship of Care, Cure, and Core
The three components of care, cure, and core do not operate in isolation but are interconnected.
Nurses who integrate all three aspects into their practice create a well-rounded, patient-centered approach that addresses the physical, emotional, and personal needs of the patient.
Ignoring one component, such as focusing solely on cure, can result in incomplete care and potentially undermine patient well-being.
Example: In caring for a cancer patient, a nurse must administer chemotherapy (cure), provide emotional support (care), and respect the patient’s values regarding their quality of life (core).
Neglecting any of these components could hinder the patient’s ability to fully engage in their treatment and recovery.
Key Insight: A successful approach to nursing care requires a balance between providing medical interventions (cure), emotional support (care), and respecting the patient’s identity and values (core).
Think of it as… A team working together to build a house: each person brings a different skill—one handles the foundation (cure), another focuses on the design and aesthetics (care), and the last ensures the structure aligns with the homeowner’s personal preferences (core).
Practical Applications of Hall’s Model in Patient-Centered Care
Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model provides a practical framework for delivering holistic, patient-centered care.
It is highly adaptable to various healthcare settings, ensuring that the physical, emotional, and personal aspects of a patient’s care are addressed in tandem.
Let’s explore how this model can be applied in acute care, chronic disease management, and community and home-based care settings.
In Acute Care Settings
In acute care, where patients often present with urgent medical needs, the balance between care, cure, and core is especially critical.
Nurses must quickly provide medical treatments to stabilize patients (cure) while offering emotional support during distressing experiences (care) and recognizing the patient’s values and life goals (core) to ensure holistic recovery.
Example: A patient arriving at the emergency room after a car accident may need immediate pain management and surgery (cure).
During the treatment process, the nurse provides comforting words and assurance (care) while ensuring that the patient’s cultural preferences for pain management or family presence are respected (core).
Key Insight: Even in high-pressure environments like emergency rooms, integrating all three components of the model allows for a more compassionate and comprehensive approach to care.
Think of it as… A first responder who not only saves lives through swift action but also reassures the patient, offering emotional comfort until further care can be provided.
In Chronic Disease Management
Chronic disease management requires a long-term, multifaceted approach to care.
Nurses must manage ongoing physical symptoms (cure), offer continuous emotional support (care), and respect the patient’s long-term goals, lifestyle, and self-concept (core).
Hall’s model ensures that the patient is actively engaged in managing their health in a way that aligns with their values and preferences.
Example: A nurse working with a patient who has diabetes must regularly monitor blood sugar levels and provide insulin (cure), educate the patient on managing their condition (care), and take into account the patient’s feelings about their diagnosis and any challenges in making lifestyle changes (core).
Key Insight: Holistic care involves ongoing dialogue with patients, ensuring that all aspects of their health—physical, emotional, and personal—are addressed in the management plan.
Think of it as… A coach helping an athlete train for a long-term competition: focusing on physical conditioning (cure), providing mental and emotional support (care), and understanding the athlete’s personal goals and motivations (core).
In Community and Home-Based Care
In community and home-based care, Hall’s model can be applied to support patients in maintaining autonomy and improving their quality of life.
Nurses provide care tailored to the patient’s needs, encouraging independence and offering ongoing medical support, while also respecting their core beliefs, family dynamics, and cultural backgrounds.
Example: A nurse visiting a patient in their home after a stroke focuses on ensuring the patient is following prescribed exercises and medication schedules (cure).
At the same time, they provide companionship and psychological support (care), acknowledging the patient’s fear of losing independence and respecting their personal goals for rehabilitation (core).
Key Insight: Community and home-based care offers an opportunity to build long-term relationships with patients, allowing nurses to apply Hall’s model in a way that promotes continuous care and long-term well-being.
Think of it as… A gardener tending to a plant: offering nourishment and care (cure), ensuring the environment supports growth (care), and respecting the plant’s natural tendencies and needs (core).
The Nursing Process in Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model
The nursing process—which involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation—integrates seamlessly with Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model.
Nurses can use this structured approach to deliver holistic care that addresses not only the patient’s medical needs (cure) but also their emotional needs (care) and their personal values (core).
This process ensures that all components of Hall’s model are consistently addressed, creating a comprehensive care plan that is tailored to each patient.
Step 1: Assessment – Gathering Comprehensive Information
The first step in the nursing process is assessment, where nurses collect information about the patient’s physical, emotional, and social state.
Hall’s model encourages nurses to assess not just the disease but also the patient’s personal beliefs and values, which can impact their treatment and healing process.
Example: A nurse caring for an elderly diabetic patient would assess not only the patient’s blood sugar levels and medical history (cure) but also explore the patient’s concerns about managing their diabetes and any family or cultural influences (core).
Additionally, the nurse would consider emotional challenges such as fear of losing independence (care).
Key Insight: Assessment in Hall’s model goes beyond the physical; it incorporates understanding the patient’s identity and values to ensure holistic care.
Think of it as… A detective gathering all the clues—physical, emotional, and personal—that will help solve the case of the patient’s overall well-being.
Step 2: Diagnosis – Identifying the Patient’s Needs
In the diagnosis phase, nurses identify the patient’s problems based on the information gathered during assessment.
Using Hall’s model, diagnosis involves recognizing not just physical symptoms (cure) but also emotional distress (care) and concerns about their sense of self or life goals (core).
Example: A nurse diagnosing a young mother recovering from childbirth may identify physical problems (such as pain and mobility issues—cure), emotional stress related to her new role as a mother (care), and fears about her ability to balance work and family life (core).
Key Insight: Diagnosis must be comprehensive, identifying the full range of the patient’s needs and concerns, which are often interconnected.
Think of it as… A doctor diagnosing a plant’s condition by observing its roots, leaves, and soil conditions—physical health, emotional state, and underlying environmental factors.
Step 3: Planning – Developing a Holistic Care Plan
During the planning stage, nurses collaborate with patients to set mutually agreed-upon goals.
These goals must balance the physical needs (cure), emotional needs (care), and personal beliefs or values (core).
Nurses must prioritize goals that reflect both the patient’s immediate medical needs and long-term well-being.
Example: For a patient with heart failure, a nurse may collaborate with the patient to develop a care plan that includes physical goals such as managing fluid retention (cure), emotional support for anxiety about their condition (care), and addressing the patient’s desire to maintain independence (core).
Key Insight: The planning stage in Hall’s model requires creating a personalized care plan that addresses the whole person, respecting both the biological and emotional aspects of health.
Think of it as… A team working together to chart out a path toward a shared destination, ensuring that the journey respects everyone’s needs, preferences, and values.
Step 4: Implementation – Providing Care Across All Dimensions
Implementation involves carrying out the care plan.
In Hall’s model, this means applying interventions that address not just the physical health of the patient but also their emotional well-being and personal values.
Nurses act as advocates, ensuring that the patient’s care aligns with their beliefs and life goals.
Example: A nurse working with a terminally ill cancer patient would implement medical treatments (cure), offer comfort and companionship (care), and respect the patient’s wishes regarding end-of-life decisions (core).
The nurse may also ensure that the patient’s family is involved in decision-making, as it aligns with their values.
Key Insight: In the implementation phase, all aspects of Hall’s model should be reflected in the interventions, ensuring that the patient’s medical and emotional needs, as well as their sense of self, are met.
Think of it as… A coach instructing athletes on executing a game plan—making sure all players understand their role in achieving a holistic outcome.
Step 5: Evaluation – Assessing the Effectiveness of Care
Evaluation is the final step in the nursing process, where the nurse assesses whether the goals have been met.
In the context of Hall’s model, evaluation should consider not just the patient’s physical recovery (cure) but also whether their emotional needs were addressed (care) and if their core values and preferences were respected.
Example: After implementing care for a patient recovering from a stroke, a nurse evaluates the patient’s physical progress (mobility improvements, independence in daily activities), emotional state (feelings of hope and anxiety), and alignment with the patient’s long-term goals (returning to work or managing personal affairs).
Key Insight: Evaluation must be comprehensive, taking into account physical recovery, emotional well-being, and personal fulfillment.
Think of it as… A teacher reviewing the students’ progress on a project—not only checking if the final product meets the assignment criteria (cure), but also whether the students learned from the experience and if their personal growth was supported (care and core).
Case Studies Demonstrating Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model
Case Study 1: Managing a Post-Surgical Patient
Sarah, a nurse working in a surgical unit, was assigned to care for a patient recovering from an appendectomy.
The patient was experiencing physical pain (cure), anxiety about the surgery’s success (care), and uncertainty about returning to normal activities (core).
Sarah recognized the need to address not only the patient’s physical pain with pain medication but also to provide emotional support by reassuring the patient about their recovery.
She also respected the patient’s values and goals, understanding that the patient wanted to return to their active lifestyle as soon as possible.
Key Insight: Nurses must strike a balance between addressing physical needs, providing emotional support, and respecting patients’ personal values to ensure holistic recovery.
Think of it as… A coach balancing physical training with emotional encouragement, all while keeping the athlete’s long-term goals in mind.
Case Study 2: Pediatric Patient with Chronic Illness
In a pediatric unit, a nurse named Emily cared for a 10-year-old boy diagnosed with asthma.
The patient’s physical health required regular medication and monitoring (cure).
His emotional state, including fears of not being able to participate in school activities, required compassionate communication and emotional reassurance (care).
Additionally, his parents had strong beliefs about using natural remedies alongside prescribed treatments, so the nurse worked with the family to incorporate their preferences into the care plan (core).
Key Insight: In pediatric care, Hall’s model emphasizes the importance of family involvement and emotional support while respecting the child’s and family’s unique perspectives and values.
Think of it as… A symphony conductor who harmonizes various instruments (care, cure, core) to create a beautiful, cohesive performance.
Case Study 3: Elderly Patient in Home Care
John, a nurse providing home care, visited Mrs.
Carter, an elderly woman with dementia.
Mrs.
Carter had multiple health problems, including mobility issues (cure) and emotional challenges stemming from her loss of independence (care).
John worked to build a rapport with Mrs.
Carter and her family, recognizing her core desire to remain independent as much as possible.
He provided physical support with exercises designed to enhance her mobility while also ensuring that her emotional needs for companionship and dignity were met.
Key Insight: In home care, the ability to connect with patients on a personal level is crucial for providing care that respects both their physical and emotional needs.
Think of it as… A gardener providing support to a plant, ensuring it receives the right nutrients and care while respecting its natural growth needs.
Modern Implications of Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model in Healthcare
Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model remains highly relevant in today’s healthcare environment, particularly with the growing emphasis on patient-centered care and holistic health.
The model aligns with modern nursing practice by promoting a comprehensive approach that respects the diverse needs of patients.
As the focus shifts toward improving both patient outcomes and satisfaction, Hall’s model offers practical guidance for ensuring that nursing interventions address the full spectrum of health—physical, emotional, and personal.
Promoting Patient Empowerment and Autonomy
In modern healthcare, the concept of empowerment has become central to patient care.
Hall’s model supports this by emphasizing the importance of respecting the patient’s core values and involving them in decision-making.
When patients feel that their personal beliefs and life goals are acknowledged and respected, they are more likely to take an active role in managing their health, leading to better health outcomes.
Example: Nurses working with elderly patients may involve them in decisions about their care, respecting their preferences for independent living, lifestyle choices, and even end-of-life care, ensuring that their values are part of the care plan.
Key Insight: By promoting autonomy and respecting the core aspect, nurses empower patients to take charge of their health, leading to more engaged and motivated individuals.
Think of it as… A teacher encouraging students to choose projects that align with their interests, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment to the learning process.
Supporting Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Hall’s model also emphasizes the importance of collaboration across different healthcare disciplines.
The care, cure, and core components often require input from various specialists, such as physicians, therapists, social workers, and nutritionists.
By focusing on the whole patient, nurses can help facilitate collaborative care, ensuring that each professional’s contributions are directed toward the patient’s comprehensive needs.
Example: In the care of a patient with chronic pain, the nurse may collaborate with physical therapists (cure), psychologists (care), and social workers (core) to create a holistic plan that addresses pain management, emotional well-being, and personal goals.
Key Insight: Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to providing holistic, patient-centered care that addresses the full spectrum of health needs.
Think of it as… A well-coordinated orchestra where each musician plays their part, contributing to the harmony and success of the performance.
Enhancing Long-Term Health Outcomes
The Care, Cure, Core Model promotes long-term health by ensuring that patient care is not only focused on treating immediate illness but also on supporting overall well-being and life goals.
When nurses address a patient’s emotional needs and personal values in addition to their physical health, patients are more likely to experience better long-term outcomes and improved quality of life.
Example: Nurses working with patients managing chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease can support patients in setting long-term goals for lifestyle changes that align with their values, helping them manage their condition more effectively over time.
Key Insight: Focusing on long-term health outcomes through holistic care ensures that patients remain engaged in their health management, reducing the likelihood of complications.
Think of it as… A coach helping an athlete not just improve their game in the short term but also maintain fitness and motivation over the years.
Challenges and Limitations of Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model
While Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model offers a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to nursing, there are challenges and limitations in applying the model to real-world practice.
Nurses must find ways to balance the three components—care, cure, and core—while also managing time constraints, diverse patient needs, and resource limitations.
Understanding these challenges allows nurses to better navigate their practice while striving to provide holistic care.
Time Constraints in Clinical Settings
One of the most significant challenges of applying Hall’s model in clinical practice is time constraints.
In fast-paced healthcare environments such as hospitals or emergency rooms, nurses are often overwhelmed by the need to provide quick medical interventions (cure) while also attending to patients’ emotional and psychological needs (care) and respecting their personal values (core).
The ideal of giving equal attention to all three components may be difficult to achieve under time pressure.
Example: In the ICU, nurses may be required to focus on monitoring a patient’s vital signs and administering medications (cure), while they also have to offer emotional support to the family and provide comfort to the patient.
The limited time may hinder their ability to engage with the patient’s personal values or preferences (core).
Key Insight: Time constraints can make it difficult for nurses to fully implement Hall’s holistic approach, especially in high-pressure environments where immediate medical needs take priority.
Think of it as… A chef preparing a multi-course meal under a strict time limit—balancing preparation for each course while ensuring everything is ready on time.
Patient Non-Compliance and Resistance
Another challenge in applying Hall’s model is patient non-compliance or resistance to the proposed care plan.
Despite a nurse’s best efforts to provide holistic care, some patients may refuse treatments, ignore lifestyle changes, or be unwilling to address their emotional or personal concerns (core).
These challenges can hinder the nurse’s ability to provide complete care.
Example: A diabetic patient may resist making dietary changes or taking medications as prescribed, despite the nurse’s attempts to explain the importance of managing their blood sugar levels (cure).
Additionally, the patient may be reluctant to discuss their emotional fears or frustrations related to their condition (care).
Key Insight: Non-compliance and resistance can create significant barriers to the effective application of Hall’s model, requiring nurses to build strong, trusting relationships with patients to overcome these challenges.
Think of it as… A coach trying to motivate a player who is unwilling to follow the training plan, despite knowing that the plan is essential for the athlete’s performance.
Cultural Sensitivity and Patient Diversity
Hall’s model emphasizes the core aspect, which includes understanding and respecting patients’ personal beliefs, values, and cultural backgrounds.
However, providing culturally sensitive care can be challenging, particularly in diverse populations.
Nurses must be aware of their own biases and be prepared to engage with patients from different cultural backgrounds in a way that respects their values.
Example: A nurse may need to navigate differences in cultural views regarding the use of certain medications or treatments, such as patients who prefer traditional or alternative therapies over conventional medical treatments.
The nurse must provide care that respects the patient’s beliefs while also ensuring the patient receives the necessary medical care (cure).
Key Insight: Understanding cultural differences and respecting patient values (core) is crucial for providing holistic care, but it can present challenges in terms of balancing medical treatments and the patient’s beliefs.
Think of it as… A bridge builder who must navigate diverse landscapes to create a structure that is stable, effective, and aligned with the needs of all communities involved.
Maintaining Balance Between Care, Cure, and Core
One of the most significant challenges of applying Hall’s model is maintaining a balance between care, cure, and core.
Nurses must ensure that none of these components are neglected in favor of the others, especially when dealing with complex patients or multiple conditions.
In certain clinical settings, there may be a tendency to focus more on medical interventions (cure) while emotional support (care) and personal values (core) receive less attention.
Example: A nurse working in an intensive care unit may focus heavily on providing life-saving treatments (cure) while there is limited time for addressing the patient’s emotional needs (care) or exploring their personal preferences (core).
Key Insight: Ensuring balance requires thoughtful, intentional care planning and an awareness of the patient’s full range of needs, ensuring that no aspect is overlooked.
Think of it as… A tightrope walker maintaining balance—each step must be measured and deliberate to ensure that no part of the journey is compromised.
Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model Quiz
1) What is the primary focus of Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model?
a) To focus exclusively on medical treatments
b) To treat patients solely based on their physical symptoms
c) To balance care for emotional, physical, and personal needs
d) To prioritize emotional support over medical interventions
2) Which of the following components of Hall’s model involves addressing the patient’s personal beliefs, values, and identity?
a) Care
b) Cure
c) Core
d) Comfort
3) How does the Care component of Hall’s model contribute to patient healing?
a) By delivering medical interventions to manage symptoms
b) By providing emotional support and building trust between nurse and patient
c) By addressing the patient’s personal beliefs regarding treatment
d) By focusing on disease prevention
4) In what way can the Cure component of Hall’s model impact patient care?
a) By providing medications and therapies to treat illness
b) By engaging with the patient’s social network
c) By respecting the patient’s cultural beliefs
d) By improving the patient’s emotional well-being
5) Which of the following is a key challenge when applying Hall’s model in clinical practice?
a) Ensuring there is time for all three components—care, cure, and core—during fast-paced care situations
b) Ignoring cultural beliefs and values to focus solely on medical treatments
c) Relying only on personal beliefs without involving the patient
d) Neglecting emotional support in favor of medical care
Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model Quiz Answers with Rationale
- Correct Answer: c) To balance care for emotional, physical, and personal needs
Rationale: Hall’s model emphasizes the integration of three key components—care (emotional and relational), cure (medical interventions), and core (respecting personal values and identity)—to provide comprehensive and holistic patient care. - Correct Answer: c) Core
Rationale: The core component refers to the patient’s self-concept, values, and beliefs. It addresses the personal, social, and emotional aspects of care that influence how patients experience their illness and treatment. - Correct Answer: b) By providing emotional support and building trust between nurse and patient
Rationale: The care component focuses on providing emotional support, which is essential for establishing a therapeutic relationship and ensuring that the patient feels understood and valued during their treatment. - Correct Answer: a) By providing medications and therapies to treat illness
Rationale: The cure component involves addressing the medical needs of the patient, such as administering medications and performing necessary therapies, to treat the physical symptoms of the illness. - Correct Answer: a) Ensuring there is time for all three components—care, cure, and core—during fast-paced care situations
Rationale: In fast-paced clinical settings, balancing the three components of Hall’s model can be challenging due to time constraints and the need to prioritize immediate medical interventions. Ensuring that emotional support (care) and personal beliefs (core) are also addressed is vital for comprehensive care.
Questions and Answers on Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model
Q1: How can nurses effectively integrate all three components of Hall’s model in their daily practice?
A: By taking a holistic approach to patient care that includes addressing the patient’s medical needs (cure), emotional well-being (care), and respecting their personal values (core) through communication and collaboration.
Q2: How can nurses balance the demands of providing cure with the need to offer care and respect for the core?
A: By prioritizing communication, engaging in active listening, and ensuring that care plans are flexible enough to include emotional and personal support, while still addressing medical needs.
Q3: What is the role of the nurse in understanding a patient’s core values?
A: Nurses must build trust with patients and engage in conversations about their personal beliefs and values, ensuring that the care provided aligns with their individual preferences.
Q4: How can Hall’s model be applied in community healthcare settings?
A: Nurses in community settings can use Hall’s model to offer support that addresses not only patients’ physical needs but also their emotional and cultural needs, promoting long-term well-being.
Q5: What impact does the core component have on patient outcomes?
A: Addressing the core component helps nurses deliver care that respects the patient’s personal identity, enhancing patient satisfaction and engagement in their care plan, which leads to better health outcomes.
Conclusion of Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model
Lydia Eloise Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model provides a comprehensive, holistic framework for nursing practice, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the physical, emotional, and personal aspects of patient care.
By balancing care (emotional support), cure (medical interventions), and core (respecting personal beliefs and values), nurses are able to provide more meaningful, patient-centered care.
The model challenges nurses to go beyond treating illness and consider the whole person, creating a compassionate and individualized approach to healthcare.
In today’s healthcare environment, where patient-centered care and holistic approaches are gaining more attention, Hall’s model remains highly relevant.
Nurses who apply the Care, Cure, Core Model ensure that patients feel valued and respected in every aspect of their care, leading to improved patient satisfaction and better long-term health outcomes.
Learn more about Lydia Hall’s contributions to nursing here.
Final Reflective Question: How can nurses effectively implement Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, Core Model in resource-limited environments, ensuring that all three components are balanced in patient care?
